Data Centers Are Consuming Electricity Supplies – and Possibly Hurting the Environment

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Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday August 18, 2024 @11:34AM from the downsides-of-AI dept.

Data center construction “could delay California’s transition away from fossil fuels and raise electric bills for everyone else,” warns the Los Angeles Times — and also increase the risk of blackouts: Even now, California is at the verge of not having enough power. An analysis of public data by the nonprofit GridClue ranks California 49th of the 50 states in resilience — or the ability to avoid blackouts by having more electricity available than homes and businesses need at peak hours… The state has already extended the lives of Pacific Gas & Electric Co.’s Diablo Canyon nuclear plant as well as some natural gas-fueled plants in an attempt to avoid blackouts on sweltering days when power use surges… “I’m just surprised that the state isn’t tracking this, with so much attention on power and water use here in California,” said Shaolei Ren, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at UC Riverside. Ren and his colleagues calculated that the global use of AI could require as much fresh water in 2027 as that now used by four to six countries the size of Denmark.

Driving the data center construction is money. Today’s stock market rewards companies that say they are investing in AI. Electric utilities profit as power use rises. And local governments benefit from the property taxes paid by data centers.

The article notes a Goldman Sachs estimate that by 2030, data centers could consume up to 11% of all U.S. power demand — up from 3% now. And it shows how the sprawling build-out of data centers across America is impacting surrounding communities:

The article notes that California’s biggest concentration of data centers — more than 50 near the Silicon Valley city of Santa Clara — are powered by a utility emitting “more greenhouse gas than the average California electric utility because 23% of its power for commercial customers comes from gas-fired plants. Another 35% is purchased on the open market where the electricity’s origin can’t be traced.” Consumer electric rates are rising “as the municipal utility spends heavily on transmission lines and other infrastructure,” while the data centers now consume 60% of the city’s electricity.

Energy officials in northern Virginia “have proposed a transmission line to shore up the grid that would depend on coal plants that had been expected to be shuttered.”

In 2022 an Oregon newspaper discovered Google data centers were consuming 29% of one city’s water supply.

“Earlier this year, Pacific Gas & Electric told investors that its customers have proposed more than two dozen data centers, requiring 3.5 gigawatts of power — the output of three new nuclear reactors.”